Multiple governor with common servo



y 3, 1952 c. A. GESNER 2,602,655

MULTIPLE GOVERNOR WITH COMMON SERVO Filed Dec. 2, 1949 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 .q 1-romNEJ w C. A. GESNER MULTIPLE GOVERNOR WITH COMMON' SERVO July 8, 1952 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Filed Dec. 2, 1949 imvznrro cqcle CH. C esnew R 1' Tom Patented July 8, 1952 Clyde A. Gesner, Rockford, Ill., assignor to-Woodward Governor Company, Rockford, Ill.,'a corporation of Illinois Application December 2, 1949, Serial No. 130,650

This invention relates to a'speed regulator of 6 Claims. (01. 264-7) the type in which two separately driven speed governors act jointly to control the action of a power servo in positioning a regulating member controlling the delivery of an energy medium to a prime mover. I V

One object is to provide a duplex speed regulator of the above character which operates in response to speed changes not only of the prime mover but also of the output shaft of a trans-- mission having an automatically variable drive ratio. 1

Another object is to provides, novel mechanism for insuring stability in the operation of both of the governors of the speed regulator.

A more detailed object is to vary theposition of a power actuated servo by the joint action of two separately actions of which are modified automatically in accordance with the position changes of the single servo as to the impart speed droops of difierent selected values to the respective governors.

driven. governors, the i Another object is to adapt the two governors,

when controlling a prime mover and, automatic transmission, for speed adjustment in a novel manner by a single manually movable member. A further object is to provide for ,disabling of the dual governor control automatically under certain conditions arising in service use.-

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which t Figure l is a vertical sectional view of a speed regulator embodying the present invention, the section being taken along the line l-I of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a section taken Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic i view o f the regulatoras applied to a prime mover-torque converter com-. bination. V r i. While the invention is susceptible of various modifications "and alternative constructions, I have shownin the drawings and will herein; de-

scribe in detailthe preferred embodiment, It that Ido not intend is to be understood, however, to limit the invention by such disclosure but aim to cover all modifications and alternative con the spirit and scope, of" the invention as expressed in the appended structions falling within claims. r r

Asshown' in the dr'awings, the my incorporated for purposes along theline 2- -2 of 1 ention is, of illustration in a I duplex governor for Controlling the supply of fuel" 'ro-d l4 thereof is arranged tolbe actuated by-a power servo it which as shown may comprise a piston 16 slidable in a cylinder 11 and urged in the fuel-decreasing direction by a-spring i8. Energization of the servo or the flow of pressure fluid to and from the cylinder ll thereof is controlled by the joint action of two speed-sensing devices or governors 20 and Zl respectively driven in unison with the prime mover shaft I l and-the output shaft l3 of the torque converter; Herein, both governors are-housed in a casing 22 also containing the servo cylinder l-lfrom which the piston 16 projects upwardly and bears at its upper end against an arm 23 fast-on a shaft 24. The latter is journaled in and projectsoutwardlyj from the casing and carries an arm 25 connected tothefuelrodlinkage I4 I 7 f 7 Considering first the governor 20, flyballs 25" are pivoted at 26 on a ball head 2'! fastonth eupper end of a sleeve 2'fl journaled in a bore 23 of the casing and s-plined at-its lower end-3fl 'f or .j connection with the engineshaft H, Horizontal, arms on the flyballs bear upwardly against-the; lower race ring of an antifriction thrust bearing 31 whose upper ring abuts against-a flange 32 v on a rod 33 having an upper elongated land which reciprocates in the bore; of the sleeve 23-. At. its lower end; the rod 33 carries a land 35 which i cooperates with ports 36 through the sleeveto formavalve3l. V

The-valve '3'! constitutes the control device of. the 'governoriil and operates to -regulate the flow of pressure fluid or oil to and from the lower; end of the servo cylinder l'lthrough a passage; 38. One end of the latter opens into a groove 39 extending around thesleeve' 28,-and communi: i cating with theports- 36. When theland is raisediabovethe ports in response to a speed increase I above the speed settin ,-0f the governor m, oil. is: permitted to flow from the cylinder ll,- out-, through-the lower end of the sleeve 28. ;Lower--, ing of the land'below the neutral-positionshown in-Fig." 1 permits pressure fiuid; delivered through; a sleeve groove lid-and ports 4i; to flow into the -Fluid at a substantially constantpressure .jna

be supplied to the grooveiill by-a pump compris ing gears 42 and 43 in a recess formed in this casing 22 and having inlet and outlet openings communicating respectively with a sump within the casing. One gear 43 rotates on a stud 44 while the other gear is splined on the lower end portion of the sleeve 28.

The tendency of the fiyballs 25 to move outwardly and lift the valve land 35 is counteracted by a speeder spring 45 of the compression type acting between the upper end of the valve rod 33 and a yoke 46 depending from a pivot pin 41 on a lever 48 and anchored in the upper end' of the speeder spring coil. The lever 48 is disposed horizontally, and, for a purpose to appear later, is fulcrumed on a pin 49 which projectsthrough a slot 50 in the lever and is mounted on the servo actuated arm 23 through the medium of a slotted bracket adjustable along the top of the arm and clamped to the latter by a screw 52. The other end of the lever 48 is pivotally connected by a pin 53' to the forked free end of a bell crank arm 54 fixed to a rockshaft 55 which is journaled at opposite ends in the walls of the casing 22. Rocking of theshaft55 clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1 swings the lever 48 about the fulcrum 49 and compresses the speeder spring 45 thereby increasing the speed setting of the governor 20 that is, the speed of the engine at which the land 35 covers the ports 36.

The-governor 2| is'of the same general construction as the governor 20', and the corre-' sponding parts are indicated by similar but primed reference numerals. The drive sleeve 28' of this governor is coupled at its lower end to a suitable drive connection 56 rotatable with the output shaft l 3 of the torque converter I2. Control of the energization of the servo 15 by this governor is effected in the present instance by utilizing a valve 51 formed by the upper land 34' and coacting sleeve ports 58 to by-pass fluids out of the cylinder H. For this purpose, a passage 59 leads from an outlet port 60 in the servo cylinder l! to the sleeve bore 29' at apoint opposite a groove 6| which surrounds the sleeve ports '58. Outlet ports 62 in the sleeve communicate with surrounding grooves and the end'of a return passage 63 leading back to the sump or pump inlet. It will be seen that when the speed of the'torque converter shaft [3 rises above the speedsett-ing of the governor 2| as determined by the stress of the speeder spring 45, the land 34' will be raised above the ports 58 thereby opening the valve 51 to permit the escape of pressure 'fiuid from the servo cylinder l1. At lower speeds, the valve 5! will be maintained closedand no fiuid'will be by-passed out of the servo cylinder.

In one of its aspects, the invention contemplates the provision of means for disabling the torque converter governor 2| and preventing the latter, under certain conditions which may arise in service, from so reducing the-fuel supply as to cause stoppage of the engine. This means comprises a valve 64' which is open under normal operating conditions but which is closed automatically as an incident to a reduction in the fuel supply to; a predetermined value. Herein,

thevalve is formed by the port 60 coacting with the lower'end portion of the servo piston l6. Thus, the port is located ashort distance above the lower end: of the piston in the engine idling position of the latter shown in Fig. 1. At higher engine speeds (see Fig. 3), the port will beuncovered thereby permitting the escape of pressure fluidfrom the servo asdetermined by the 4 action of the governor actuated by-pass valve 51. The speed adjusting yoke 45 of the governor 2| is pivoted at 65 on a horizontal lever 66 forked at one end and straddling a fulcrum pin 6'! which is supported on a slotted plate 68 adjustably clamped to a rocker arm 69 journaled on a stud which projects inwardly from the wall of the casing. The other end of the lever 66 is forked and pivotally connected by a pin H to the free end of an arm 12 loose on a rockshaft l3 which is journaled in the casing walls with one end projecting outwardly and carrying the main speed adjusting arm 14 of the two governors. As in the case of the engine governor 28, the stress of the speeder spring 45' and therefore the setting of the torque converter governor 2| will be increased when the lever 12 is rocked clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1.

In accordance with the present invention. proper correlation of the two governors 20 and 2! in their joint control of the single servo 1-5 is achieved by imparting to both, governors a speed droop characteristic-which differs in magnitude in the different governors but which is, derived from the motion of the single servo. To this end, the servo motion is tranmitted back to each governor and thereby used to vary the stressing of the speederspring thereof progres sively as the servo piston moves back and forth. Herein, the restoring connection for the engine actuated governor 20 is formed by the speed adjusting lever 43 simply by mounting the fulcrum pin 49 as described above directly on the rocker arm 23 of the servo l5 and. in a position such that the upward 'or fuel-increasing movement of the servo piston l5 willswing the "lever 48 in a directionto reduce the stress of the' speeder spring 45. In this-motion, the pin' 53 at the end of the manually operable speed ad justing arm 54 acts as the fulcrum for the lever To impart speeddroop to the torque converter governor 2 I, the servo motion is transmitted through a linkage including a depending arm '15 fast on the servo actuated fuel control shaft 24 1 spondingly.

Provision is also made for effecting speed adand connected at its free end to one end of a link 16. The other end of the latter is pivoted at 71 on the lower end of the bell crank 69 which isiswingable about the fixed pivot 10 to correspondingly swing the lever 66. By adjusting the fulcrum pin 6''! along the lever 66,'the ratio of the lever is changed and the magnitude of the speeddroop of the governor 2| varied correjustment of both of the governors 20 and 2| by manipulation of a single manually operable member such as the arm F4 which as described above is fasten-the outer, end of the. rockshaft 13-.

Withinthe casing, an upwardly projecting lever 18 is fast on the shaft 13 and at its lower end has a lost motion connection with the speed adzjustin g lever 12' fertile-governor 21. Thisconnection. is formedby a laterally projecting pin 19 which, after a predetermined clockwise swing: ing ofthe lever 18, enga es the underside of the -'lever. 12" ata point r8ll. -and, in the further -movement of the lever, rocks the lever 12 about.

the shaft 13 to increase the compression of the speeder spring 45'. I 1

4 The upper end of the lever 1-8 is pivotally connected at 8| to one end of a longitudinally-extens'ible link 82'formed by telescoping parts 83 and 84 and normally contracted by a tension spring 85. The other end of the link 82 is pivoted at 86 on theupper end of an arm 81 upstanding from and fast'on the speed adjusting rockshaft 55 above described of the governor 20.

The low speed setting of the torque converter governor 2| is determined by. an adjustable stop 88 threading through the cover of the casing 22 and engageable at its inner end with the lever I2. A similar screw 89 is positioned at its inner end to engage with the end of the lever 18 and limit the speed-increasing movement of the lever 12 afterthe slack in the'lost motion connection between the levers 12 and 18' has been taken up. A screw 90 engageable with the other end of the link 82 limits the low speed setting of the engine governor 20. The high speed setting of the latter governor is limited by engagement of a pin 9| on the lever 54 with the inner end of a screw 92.

Operation Let it be assumed that'the governors 20 and 2| driven by the idling engineand torque converter shafts as above described are adjusted for the minimum speeds andthat the engine is running at idle speed. The parts will then be positioned as shown in Fig. l, the link 82 then being collapsed and the pin 19 being spaced from the lever 12. At the same time, the servo piston will be in its lowermost position closing the valve 64 so as to maintain the governor 2| disabled. As the adjusting arm 14 is swung clockwise, the link 82 will be held collapsed by the spring 85 and the arm 81 will be swung away from the stop 90 to increase the speed setting of the governor 20. This opens the valve 31 against the action of the flyballs 25 admitting pressure fluid to they servo and correspondingly increasing the fuel-flow and engine speed; In the initial up- Wardmovement of the servo piston 16, the valve may be opened rendering the governor 2| operative. If there is no load on the torque converter, the engine, operating at the increased speed, may increase the speed of the output shaft |3 above the minimum speedsetting of the governor 2|. The latter then exercises a superior control over the servo l5 by opening the valve 51 .and allowing pressure fluid to be by-passed out of the cylinder I? thus limiting the extent of fuel-increasing movement of the servo. This condition is illustrated in Fig. 3.

On the other hand, if a substantial load is imposed on' the'shaft l3, the increase in theiuel supply and engine torque may not be sufficient to pick up the load and increase the speed of the output shaft above the minimum setting of the governor 2|. Thus, the fuel supply to the engine may be increased further without bringing the governor 2| into action. If the load is sufficiently heavy, the speed setting of the engine governor may be increased by further clockwise swinging of the hand lever 14 until the projection 9| on the lever 54 comes against the stop 92, the engine actuated governor then being set for its maximum speed. At this time, the lost motion between the adjusting linkage and the lever 12 will have been taken up, and further clockwise turning of the hand lever 14 will be permitted byextension of the link 82 and will result in compression of the speeder spring 45 to correspondingly increasethe speed setting of the governor 2|, or, inother words, the speed atwhich it is desired to maintain rotation of the-output shaft l3. i P

The governor 2|,-now.being in exclusive control of the servo; except for engineoverspeed.

opens and closes the by-pass valve 5!v as the speed of the shaft |3 rises above or falls below the prevailing speed setting; If, forexample, the speedrises above such setting, the release of fluid from the servo cylinder will reduce the fuel'supply and the engine speed may fall below the maximum speed for which the governor 2| is, then set.

As a result of such automatic control action to. gether with the automatic response of the torque. converter |2 to load changes, the speed of the cute put shaft l3 will remain substantially constant and at the selected setting of the governor 2| in.

spite of changes in the load up to the value capa-v ble of being handled by the engine when operating at its maximum speed. Thus, a-drag line,

or shovel driven from the shaft i3 may be moved at constant speed in spite of variations in 1oad-- ing and as a result the capacity of the machine may be increased. V

Now, if the speed setting of the governor 2| isreduced'to the minimum valueqdeterminedby the stop 88 and the setting of the governor 20 is reduced below the value required:to maintain the minimum speed of the. output. shaft 13, control of the servo |5 is returnedto the engine actuated governor 2|]. Under" this condition,,it is possible,,by adjustmentv of the-governor 20, to out down the fuel delivery sufiiciently to just balance the torque required to hold the load stationary.

Such action is often desirable in material loading and unloading operations.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that with the duplex control described above, the engine fuel supply may be controlled. exclusively either by the action of the engine actuated gov- .one'of the-governors or by both, is inherently stable by virtue of the drooping characteristics imparted to both governors by the restoring connections described above."

The mechanism herein shown for adjusting the speed setting of the twogovernors from the single lever 18 forms the subject matter of .a copending application'of George Parker, Serial No. 184,781,

filed September 14, 1950. I claim as my invention:

1. A duplex governor having, in combination,

a fluid pressure servo having a. piston element movable back and forth in accordance with pressure changes in the servo, means providing a source of fluid under pressure, a valve controlling the flow of fluid from said source to said servo, a speed-sensing device adapted to be driven from one source of rotary power and operable to actuate said valve and vary the energization of said servo in accordance with detected speed changes, a by-pass valve controlling the escape of pressure fluid from said servo, a second speed-sensing device adapted to be driven from a separate source of rotary power and operable to open and close said by-pass valve in accordance with detected changes, a connection between said piston element and said.v first device for varying the speed setting ,of: the device. progressively withsaid piston element, a speed sensing device for" actuating one of-said valves adapted to be driven from one source of rotary power and having a jointly to controlthe energization of said servo- I and thereby variably position said element,-a speed senser for actuating one of said control devices adapted to' be driven from one source of rotary power and havinga selectively movable speed adjusting member, a second speed senser for actuating the other of said control devices adapted to be driven from a separate source of rotary power and having a selectively movable speed adjusting member, and connections between said servo element and'each of'said speed adjusting members and operable to transmit the movements of the element to each of said members to increase and decrease thespe ed settings' thereof progressively with the speed-decreasing and speed-increasing movements respectively of the'servo element.

4. Speed regulating apparatushaving, in com bination a power actuated servo having a movable element, independently operable control devices coacting jointly to control the'e'nergization of said servo and thereby variably position said servo element, aspeed governor'ior actuating one of said control devices and adapted to be driven from one sourceof rotary power, asecond speed governor for actuating the other of said devices and adapted to be driven from a separate source of rotary'pow'er, mechanisms individually operable to impart speed drooping characteristics to the respective governors, and connections operable to actuate both of said speed droop mechanisms in accordance withrthe position of said servo element.

5. A duplex governor having, in combination, a fluid pressure servo having a cylinderand a piston element movable back and, forth therein in accordance with changes in the energization of the servo, said piston being movable away from a predetermined idle position in response to an increase in the servo energization, means pro-,

viding a source of fluid under pressure, a valve controlling the flow of; fluid from said source to said servo, aspeed-sensing device adapted to be driven from one source of rotary power and operable to actuate said ,valve and vary the ener- V gization of said servo in accordance with detected speedchanges, a fluid passage terminating in a port in the wall of said cylinder, said port being covered by said piston in said idle position and opened after a predetermined speed-increasing movement of the piston, a second valve controlling the escapeof pressure fluid from said passage, and a second speed-sensing device adapted to be driven'from a separate source of rotary power and operable to open and close said second valve in accordance with detected changes. V

6.. A duplex governor having, in combination, a fluid pressure servo having an element movable back and forth in accordance with changes in the energization of, the servo, means providing a source of fluid ui'iderpressure, a valve'controlling the flow of fluid from said source to said servo, a speed-sensing device adapted to be driven from one source of rotary power and operable to actuate said valve and varythe energization of said servo inaccordance with detectedspeed changes, a by-pass valve controlling the escape of pressure fluid from said servo, a second speed-sensing device adapted to be driven from a separate source of rotary; power and operable to open and close said by-pa'ss valve in accordance with detected changes, anda third valve actuated in response to changes inthe position of said servo element and operable tomaintain said by-pass valveidisabled when the ,servo element is near saididle position. while rendering the by-pass valveoperative in other positions of the element.

CLYDE Afeasnna. REFERENCES, CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent: a r I NITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,324,516 r Kalin 'July 20, 1943 2,364,115 Whitehead Dec. 5, 1944 2,411,290 7 Pontius s- Nov. 19, 71,946 2,503,362,

Sweet 1 Apr. 11, 1950 changing 

